{"id":3489,"date":"2026-10-05T10:16:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T08:16:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fournol-associes.com\/?p=3489"},"modified":"2026-08-31T18:33:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T16:33:50","slug":"cartographie-des-risques-lcb-ft-dans-le-marche-de-lart-methode-et-erreurs-a-eviter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fournol-associes.com\/en\/aml-cft\/cartographie-des-risques-lcb-ft-dans-le-marche-de-lart-methode-et-erreurs-a-eviter\/","title":{"rendered":"AML\/CFT Risk Mapping in the Art Market: Method and Pitfalls to Avoid"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” row_position_desktop=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default”]Galleries, antique dealers, art dealers and auction houses must identify their money laundering and terrorist financing risks.<\/p>\n

This obligation is not a matter of filling in a generic template. AML\/CFT risk mapping must reflect the professional’s actual activity. It is the starting point of any art market compliance programme.<\/p>\n

What is the purpose of AML\/CFT risk mapping?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The French Monetary and Financial Code (Code mon\u00e9taire et financier) requires obliged entities to assess the risks presented by their activities. The texts use the term “risk classification”. In practice, the term “risk mapping” is often used instead.<\/p>\n

This mapping identifies the most sensitive transactions. It then determines the level of vigilance to be applied.<\/p>\n

It must not be confused with the individual risk rating of a client. Risk mapping analyses the general risks of the activity. The risk profile then analyses a particular business relationship or transaction.<\/p>\n

The obligation stems in particular from Article L. 561-4-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code. The French Customs Authority (Douane) also recalls that professionals must formalise a risk classification and an internal procedure suited to their organisation.<\/p>\n

How should a gallery or auction house build its risk mapping?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The first step is to describe the activities actually carried out.<\/p>\n

This means examining sales, purchases, consignments, fairs, remote transactions and intermediary involvement. Cross-border flows must also be taken into account.<\/p>\n

The analysis can be organised around four areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Risk area<\/strong><\/td>\nPoints to examine<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Clients and counterparties<\/td>\nIndividual or company, beneficial owner, intermediary, politically exposed person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Transactions and payments<\/td>\nAmount, structuring (splitting of payments), cash, third-party transfers, country of the bank account<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Geography and channels<\/td>\nHigh-risk countries, remote sales, international fairs, free ports<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Artworks and activity<\/td>\nValue, ease of resale, provenance, opacity of the chain of ownership<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Each risk can be rated low, moderate or high. Existing controls must then be identified. The residual risk level is assessed after applying these measures.<\/p>\n

An international transaction is not automatically suspicious. Likewise, a high-value artwork does not necessarily present a high risk. Several factors must be analysed together.<\/p>\n

The mapping must in particular incorporate the EUR 10,000 threshold and related transactions.<\/p>\n

How does the mapping connect to the gallery’s internal procedure?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The mapping sets out the diagnosis. The internal procedure explains how to act.<\/p>\n

Each risk level must correspond to concrete measures. This may involve verifying the client’s identity, identifying their beneficial owner, or requesting further information.<\/p>\n

Enhanced due diligence may also involve a closer check on the source of funds, the source of wealth and the provenance of the artwork.<\/p>\n

The gallery’s or auction house’s internal procedure must also specify:<\/p>\n